منابع مشابه
Cardiac ischemic stress: cardiomyocyte Ca2+ calcium, sex and sex steroids
1. Important sex differences exist in ischemic heart disease. Estrogen has been conventionally regarded as providing a cardioprotective benefit and testosterone frequently perceived to exert a deleterious effect. However, there is accumulating evidence which argues against this simple dichotomy, suggesting that the influence of estrogen and testosterone conferring benefit or detriment may be co...
متن کاملSex steroids and bone.
The adult skeleton is periodically remodeled by temporary anatomic structures that comprise juxtaposed osteoclast and osteoblast teams and replace old bone with new. Estrogens and androgens slow the rate of bone remodeling and protect against bone loss. Conversely, loss of estrogen leads to increased rate of remodeling and tilts the balance between bone resorption and formation in favor of the ...
متن کاملSex steroids and insulin resistance.
There is extensive experimental evidence that sex steroids and insulin interact in their actions on tissues. At physiological levels, testosterone and oestradiol are thought to be involved in maintaining normal insulin sensitivity. However, outside this 'physiological window' these steroids may promote insulin resistance. Considerable research has been carried out on polycystic ovarian syndrome...
متن کاملSex steroids and cardiovascular disease
As men grow older, testosterone (T) levels decline and the significance of this change is debated. The evidence supporting a causal role for lower circulating T, or its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol, in the genesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men is limited. Observational studies associate low baseline T levels with carotid atherosclerosis, aorti...
متن کاملSex steroids and glucose metabolism
Testosterone levels are lower in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and also predict the onset of these adverse metabolic states. Body composition (body mass index, waist circumference) is an important mediator of this relationship. Sex hormone binding globulin is also inversely associated with insulin resistance and T2DM but the data regarding estrogen are inconsis...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: European Journal of Neuroscience
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0953-816X,1460-9568
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14615